بخصوص قوله تعالى فكسونا العظام لحما [الأرشيف]

حمادة

08-06-2012, 12:23 AM

اخي الكريم يمكنك تحميل كتاب الباحث الاسلامي حمزة tzortis ففيه الرد على كلامك بتفصيل.
Embryology in the Qur’an.
http://www.iera.org.uk/downloads/Embryology_in_the_Quran_v2.pdf

7. WE CLOTHED THOSE BONES WITH FLESH

(فكسونا العظام لحما)
We clothed (kausana) the bones with flesh (lahm)

The next stage in the quranic description of the development of the human embryo is
clothing the bones with flesh. The word kasauna means: to clothe, to dress, to garb and to
attire. It also carries the meanings of: to hang, to drape, to face, to line and to case. Further
interpretations of the word include: to encase, to cover, to put, to slip and to give the
appearance of and make look like.
97
The word lahm means flesh, meat, or a piece of flesh or
meat.
98
99
SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATION
The words used in the Qur’an to describe this stage are remarkably consistent with modern
embryology. The word kasauna denotes the migration and aggregation of the myoblasts
which organise into dorsal and ventral muscles muscle masses surrounding the developing
skeleton. These physiological developments are illustrated by the meanings that kasauna
carries, such as: to clothe, to dress, to encase and to cover. The word lahm is not just limited
to the limb muscles but also applies to the muscles masses surrounding the axial skeleton.

Barry Mitchell and Ram Sharma elucidate the process of muscle formation over the
developing limb skeleton:

The limb muscles differentiate from myoblasts in the proximal part
of the limb bud, and soon receive their innervations from the ventral
rami of the spinal nerves. The myoblasts then migrate distally and
soon become organized into a dorsal and ventral muscles mass
surrounding the developing skeleton, carrying their innervations
with them.
100

John Allan and Beverley Kramer confirm how limb muscles are formed:

Soon after the cartilaginous models of the bones have been
established, the myogenic cells, which have now become myoblasts,
aggregate to form muscle masses on the ventral and dorsal aspects of
the limbs. These muscle masses, the relevant compartments, form the
flexors and extensors of the joints. Rotator muscles are also formed
so that flexors and pronators are related and extensors and
supinators are related.
101

The process of muscular formation is not just limited to the limbs. Once the skeletal
framework is in place, muscles start to form around the developing skeleton. For example,
Bruce Carlson highlights how the facial musculature forms once the basic facial skeletal
structure takes place.
102

SUMMARY BOX
The kasauna and lahm (the key words in this stage): the migration and aggregation of the
muscles cells around the developing limb and axial skeleton, to form muscles, tendons and
connective tissue.