توقعت اني سأجد تلك الخرافة هنا في المنتدي و سبحان الله صدق حدثي
حول خرافات دوكينز التي تنقلون منه كالبغبغائات سأنقل لكم تعليق دكتور باتمن حول تلك القضيه مع بحث من pnas
As it turns out, the supposed problems Dawkins finds with the inverted retina become actual advantages in light of recent research published by Kristian Franze et. al., in the May 2007 issue of PNAS (see illustration above; Link)
. As it turns out, "Muller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina. Consider the observations and conclusions of the authors in the following abstract of their paper:
Although biological cells are mostly transparent, they are phaseobjects that differ in shape and refractive index. Any imagethat is projected through layers of randomly oriented cellswill normally be distorted by refraction, reflection, and scattering.Counterintuitively, the retina of the vertebrate eye is invertedwith respect to its optical function and light must pass throughseveral tissue layers before reaching the light-detecting photoreceptorcells. Here we report on the specific optical properties ofglial cells present in the retina, which might contribute tooptimize this apparently unfavorable situation. We investigatedintact retinal tissue and individual Muller cells, whichare radial glial cells spanning the entire retinal thickness.Muller cells have an extended funnel shape, a higher refractiveindex than their surrounding tissue, and are oriented alongthe direction of light propagation. Transmission and reflectionconfocal microscopy of retinal tissue in vitro and in vivo showedthat these cells provide a low-scattering passage for lightfrom the retinal surface to the photoreceptor cells. Using amodified dual-beam laser trap we could also demonstrate thatindividual Muller cells act as optical fibers. Furthermore,their parallel array in the retina is reminiscent of fiberopticplates used for low-distortion image transfer. Thus, Mullercells seem to mediate the image transfer through the vertebrateretina with minimal distortion and low loss. This finding elucidatesa fundamental feature of the inverted retina as an optical systemand ascribes a new function to glial cells.
And Dawkins would have us believe that no "intelligent" designer would have done it that way? Really
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هذا المقال جميل جداً لكن إستوقفتني
هذه الجملة التي في الصورة لا اعلم اي تطور عشوائي يمكن ان ينتج هذا ؟؟
“While today’s digital hardware is extremely impressive, it is clear that the human retina’s real-time performance goes unchallenged. Actually, to simulate 10 milliseconds (ms) of the complete processing of even a single nerve cell from the retina would require the solution of about 500 simultaneous nonlinear differential equations 100 times and would take at least several minutes of processing time on a Cray supercomputer. Keeping in mind that there are 10 million or more such cells interacting with each other in complex ways, it would take a minimum of 100 years of [1985] Cray time to simulate what takes place in your eye many times every second.” John K. Stevens, “Reverse Engineering the Brain,” Byte, April 1985, p. 287. http://www.freewebs.com/islamiway/Brain.htm
Image Processing in the Eye: Like "Magic"
هذا المقال اسم علي مسمي معالجه الصور في العين مثل السحر ساقتبس منه بعض الفقرات لاهميته حول الموضوع
كمية المعالجات التي تحدث داخل بقبق العين
شئ مذهل للغايه فهل تعلم أن الإشارة واحده من شبكية العين الخاصة بك تنقسم إلى نحو 20 قناة لتحليل و تنقية الصورة قبل أن تصل إلى الدماغ
اثنين من علماء الأعصاب ألمان
نشروا بحث في Current Biology يصفوا فيها مدي تعقد ووصفوا عملية المعالجه انها كالسحر وكيف يمكن لاثنين من هذه القنوات تعمل على المستوى العصبي و لم يذكر طوال البحث حرف عن كلمة تطور بالعكس كلمة التصميم داخل العين وبالاخص هناك قسم فرعي بعنوان The Design of a Retinal Bipolar Cell
في مقاله نشرت في science direct
بعنوان
Early Vision: Where (Some of) the Magic Happens
The visual system of primates, including that of humans, famously features both exquisite spatial acuity and a high temporal resolution. This dual focus on both 'sharpness' and 'speed' is made possible through different processing streams set up already in the retina. In a recent study, Puthussery et al. now show that key differences in the processing streams that are thought to underlie these visual abilities are already set up right after the first synapse of the visual system -- in retinal bipolar cells.
The retina breaks the visual world into several parallel representations prior to transmission to the brain. Each representation, or 'channel', is based on a different type of retinal ganglion cell that carries information about specific features of the visual scene -- such as edges, directed motion or 'color'. Of the 20 or so types of ganglion cells that exist in the primate retina, two in particular have attracted considerable attention since they were first described in the 1940s: the parasol and midget cells. (Emphasis added.)
ميللي ثانية هي وحدة زمنية تستخدم كثيراً للتوقيت الرياضي، وتساوي جزء من الألف من الثانية.
تبلغ الثانية 1000 ملّي ثانية ،
وتبلغ الدقيقة 60.000 ملي ثانية ،
ويبلغ اليوم الواحد 86.400.000 ميلّي ثانية (24x60x60x10x10x10)
معالجة الصوره من وقت التقاط الصوره الي معالجتها في المخ فقط تأخذ 13 ميلي ثانيه لكي تراها العين و يحطم الرقم السابق الذي كان يظنه العلماء 50 ميلي ثانيه
مقال ماتع بمعني الكلمه عن اعجاز العين عضو صغير في جسدك !!!!!!!
تطور ايه بس اللي جي تقول عليه
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